The Essential Components of a Solar Panel System

Knowing the specific components that go into a home system can be practically beneficial in several ways, and a solar panel setup is no exception. How does a solar panel setup work to convert solar energy into power for your home, and which key components play a role in these operations?

At Intermountain Wind & Solar, we're here to offer the best solar panel installation and related solar energy services to clients around Salt Lake City, Utah and Boise, Idaho areas. We're happy to detail all the specific components that make up our solar panel systems, from the panels themselves to several others that play a major role. Let's dive into a basic rundown of all of the most notable elements of a solar power setup.

Panels

Naturally, panels themselves come first in this conversation. Solar panels, also called photovoltaic panels, are the main source of electricity generated by solar power systems. These panels convert sunlight into electricity through a process known as the photovoltaic effect, which is triggered by silicon cells within each panel.

Panels come in various sizes and shapes depending on the energy needs of a household or business. The most common type of solar panel used for residential purposes is called monocrystalline, which has a uniform dark color and square-shaped cells. Other types include polycrystalline panels, which have multiple smaller crystal cells that make up their surface, and thin-film panels, which are more flexible and can be installed on curved surfaces.

All the operations of this system are based on the photovoltaic effect - a process in which sunlight is converted into electricity. This process involves several layers of materials within the solar panel, including silicon, phosphorus, and boron. As sunlight hits these materials, it creates an electric field that allows electrons to flow through a circuit and generate electricity. Let's look at some of the other key components that help facilitate this process.

Racking And/Or Mounting Equipment

Solar panels need to be mounted or secured in some way to keep them in place and ensure they receive the maximum amount of sunlight. Racking systems are typically made of aluminum and are designed to withstand various weather conditions while providing a sturdy foundation for the solar panels.

There are several types of racking systems, including roof mounts, ground mounts, and pole mounts. The type chosen will depend on factors such as the location, angle, and size of the solar panel system.

Inverters

Solar panels generate direct current (DC) electricity, but most modern homes and businesses use alternating current (AC) electricity. In order to convert the DC electricity into AC to power appliances and electronics, an inverter is needed. This device is typically installed near the main electrical panel and can be either micro-inverters, which are attached to each individual solar panel, or string inverters, which are connected to multiple panels.

There are also hybrid inverters available that have the ability to store excess energy in batteries for later use. This is known as a battery backup system and can provide power during outages or times when the solar panels aren't producing enough electricity.

Disconnect Switch

Like standard electrical systems, solar panel systems require a disconnect switch to shut off the flow of electricity in case of emergencies or maintenance. This is typically located near the main electrical panel and can be easily accessed by qualified personnel.

Solar Battery Backup

While this is not a required component for every solar panel setup, the use of a solar battery backup has become more and more common. This allows for excess electricity generated by the solar panels to be stored in batteries for later use, such as during power outages or at night when the panels aren't producing enough electricity.

There are several kinds of solar batteries, including lead-acid, lithium-ion, and saltwater batteries. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important to research and determine which type is best for your specific setup.

Charge Controller

To monitor the flow of electricity from solar panels to a battery, you may also need to install a charge controller. This device helps prevent overcharging and damage to the battery by regulating the amount of current being sent from the panels.

There are two types of charge controllers: PWM (pulse-width modulation) and MPPT (maximum power point tracking). PWM controllers are more affordable but less efficient, while MPPT controllers are more expensive but can provide up to 30% more energy conversion.

So there you have it! While certain additional components may be utilized for certain solar panel setups, these are the primary items found in most such systems today. For more information here, or to learn about any of our solar panel installation or maintenance services around SLC, Utah and Boise, Idaho areas, contact our team at Intermountain Wind & Solar today!